Was: That which is no more.

History: A mirror of the past with a beautiful frame, held correctly by clever men, so that with a righteous gaze we may see everything that was, or was being created, or was being written, or was being painted. Because some have said, “He wrote it,” “He painted it,” or “I wrote it myself,” and they have corrupted the chronicle with the names of proud men. Now you too, good reader, learn humbly, for it is ignorance to say: “He wrote,” “He painted”; but correctly it is said like this: “It was being written,” “It was being painted,” “It was being born,” “It was being created,” and many others in this manner.

(Miniature: was being written, was being painted, was being created, was being bound, was being born, was being scribbled, was being built, was being beautified, was being clothed, was being measured.)

Is Kept (Preserved): Meaning, it is now well enclosed by a barrier, so it may be protected from the eyes and hands and hearts of the ignorant, who wish to change everything that existed in previous days. See Culture.

Incognito: A man praising himself, who enslaved the scholars of the following era, who forever search in vain for his name, because he killed his own self for the immortality of his hand.

Irony: The wisdom of falsehood.

Hypothec: Immovable property may be used and encumbered to satisfy a claim in such a way that the secured creditor is granted the right to receive satisfaction of his claim out of this property, by its realization or transfer into his ownership, in preference to other creditors.